The tissue that covers the eyeball and eyelids is called the conjunctiva. Inflammation of this tissue due to infectious, allergic, or chemical causes is called conjunctivitis.
Infectious Conjunctivitis:
Infectious conjunctivitis may occur due to bacteria or viruses. In bacterial conjunctivitis, redness, burning, stinging, and discharge (crusting) are observed in the eye. Treatment is carried out with antibiotic eye drops and ointments prescribed by your doctor.
In viral conjunctivitis, redness, burning, stinging, and a mucoid discharge are present. The most common type is viral conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses. It usually spreads rapidly through hand-to-eye contact. The main approach is to prevent the spread of infection to others and to maintain proper personal hygiene. If a secondary bacterial infection develops, topical antibiotics may be used.
Neonatal conjunctivitis occurs within the first month of life. It is characterized by redness in the eyes, mild swelling of the eyelids, and discharge. Neonatal conjunctivitis may develop due to chemical causes, bacteria, chlamydia, and rarely herpes simplex infection. Proper evaluation and careful treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis are very important.
Allergic Conjunctivitis:
Allergic conjunctivitis is an allergic reaction that develops in the conjunctiva due to environmental factors such as pollen and dust. The main symptoms are itching, redness, tearing, and burning in the eyes.
In treatment, cold compresses may help relieve itching. If only ocular symptoms are present, allergy-specific eye drops are usually sufficient. If systemic and nasal symptoms are also present, systemic treatment may be required.